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Symon Vasylyovych Petliura ((ウクライナ語:Си́мон Васи́льович Петлю́ра), (ロシア語:Симо́н Васи́льевич Петлю́ра); May 10, 1879 – May 25, 1926) was a publicist, writer, journalist, Ukrainian politician, statesman of the Ukrainian People's Republic, and nationalist leader who led Ukraine's struggle for independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917 (1918–1921). On May 25, 1926 Petliura was slain with five shots from a handgun in broad daylight by the Russian anarchist of Jewish origin Sholom Schwartzbard in the center of Paris. Petliura is a renowned hero of Ukraine. His legacy among Jews has been mixed; he has been seen as a "freedom fighter who tried to protect Jews", while being held responsible for pogroms.〔Kas'yanov, Georgiy; Philipp Terr (2009). (A Laboratory of Transnational History Ukraine and recent Ukrainian historiography ). Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-963-9776-26-5〕〔〔(Whither pogromshchina – historiographical synthesis or deconstruction? ) by Lars Fischer, East European Jewish Affairs Vol. 38, No. 3, December 2008, 303–320〕 ==Life before the Revolution== Petliura was born on May 10, 1879,〔Hunczak, T. ''(Petliura, Symon )''. Encyclopedia of Ukraine.〕 in a suburb of Poltava, Ukraine, the son of Vasyl Pavlovych Petliura and Olha Oleksiyivna (née Marchenko), of Cossack class. His father Vasyl Pavlovych was the Poltava city resident and had own transportation business. Petliura's mother was a daughter of hieromonk. Petliura's initial education was obtained in parochial schools, and he planned to become an Orthodox priest.〔The Petlura family was very pious. His two sisters became nuns and his nephew became the Patriarch Mstyslav of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church〕 During his years 1895 - 1901 in the Russian Orthodox Seminary in Poltava,〔 Petliura joined the Hromada society in 1898.〔 When his membership in Hromada was discovered in 1901, he was expelled from the seminary.〔 In 1900 Petliura joined the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party.〔 In 1902, under threat of arrest, he moved to Yekaterinodar in the Kuban where he worked for 2 years initially as a schoolteacher and later in the archives of the Kuban Cossack Host〔 where he helped organize over 200 thousand documents. In December 1903, he was arrested for organizing a RUP branch in Yekaterinodar and for publishing inflammatory anti-tsarist articles in the Ukrainian press outside of Imperial Russia (in Lviv).〔 He was released on bail in March 1904, moving briefly to Kiev and then emigrating to the Western Ukrainian city of Lviv then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.〔 In Lviv, Petliura lived under the name of Sviatoslav Tagon〔(All pseudonyms and cryptonyms of Symon Petliura ). (in reference to the Library of S.Petliura and A.Zhuk)〕 working alongside Ivan Franko, Volodymyr Hnatiuk publishing and working as an editor for the "Literaturno-Naukovy Zbirnyk" Journal (Literary-Scientific Collection), the Shevchenko Scientific Society and as a co-editor of "Volya" magazine. He contributed numerous articles to the Ukrainian language press in Galicia. At the end of 1905, after amnesty was declared, Petliura returned briefly to Kiev but soon moved to the Russian capital of Petersburg in order to publish the socialist-democratic monthly magazine ''Vil’na Ukrayina'' (Free Ukraine) along with Prokip Poniatenko and Mykola Porsh.〔 After Russian censors closed this magazine in July 1905, he moved back to Kiev where he worked for the magazine ''Rada'' (Council). In 1907–09 he became the editor of the literary magazine ''Slovo'' (Word) and co-editor of ''Ukrayina'' (Ukraine). Because of the closure of these publications by the Russian Imperial authorities, Petliura was forced to once again move from Kiev to Moscow in 1909, where he worked briefly as an accountant. There, he married Olha Bilska (1885–1959), with whom he had a daughter, Lesia (1911–42). From 1912 he was a co-editor of the influential Russian-language journal ''Ukrainskaya zhizn’'' (Ukrainian life) until May 1917. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symon Petliura」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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